One of the most prominent cultural institutions in the Philippines, the National Museum of the Philippines is a treasure trove of heritage and history. It comprises several museums, each of which focuses on a different aspect and offers a fascinating glimpse at the Philippines' historical and cultural treasures. The displays and exhibits provide a deeper insight into the natural history and culture of the country while also disseminating information regarding anthropology, archaeological discoveries, and ethnography. Additionally, visitors can admire Filipino fine art here.
This was a European-style medieval fortified city that functioned as the seat of the Spanish government from 1571 to 1898. The massive walls stretch for a few kilometers, enclosing a 64-hectare (158-acre) area once occupied by palaces, churches, monasteries, schools and wealthy residences. Having sustained damages in the past, the walled city has persevered and is visited by many. Most of the walls, gates and bulwarks have been restored, affording visitors a glimpse into the past.
Initially founded in 1571, The Minor Basilica and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, or Manila Cathedral, is steeped in history. Over the years, it has undergone several changes. The present Romanesque edifice incorporates stone carvings and rosette windows salvaged from the ruins of previous structures and is topped by a cupola that is a picture of strength and beauty.
The history of Manila is closely tied to the bay which is overlooked by the spectacular Manila Baywalk. Naval battles were fought here, including the celebrated La Naval de Manila in 1646. Today, the waterfront promenade is stippled with several establishments where you can make a pit stop with friends and family. Stroll along the scenic coastline or bask in the refreshing atmosphere as you admire the stunning sunsets.
The 1960s saw the emergence of a new business district in the then sleepy municipality of Makati. The Spanish-Filipino conglomerate of Don Jaime Zobel de Ayala developed the district by first establishing this main thoroughfare which cuts through to Highway 54 (now known as Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, or EDSA). Towards the end of the decade, Ayala Avenue emerged as the main artery of the Makati business area. Many major banks, multi-national corporations and embassies are located here.
Looking at its Gothic spires, one would not think that San Sebastian is constructed of prefabricated steel. The story goes that the Augustinian Recollect Order, having seen their church thrice leveled to the ground by earthquakes, decided to have the new one cast in steel so that it would endure Manila's temblors. With its vaulted ceilings, jewel-like stained glass windows and generally romantic air, San Sebastian is understandably a much-favored venue for weddings.
A distinctive feature of the Manila skyline, the green-and-white gothic spires of the churches of this powerful and influential religious group are as familiar a sight to Filipinos as McDonald's golden arches. Iglesia ni Cristo (also known as INC) has a big following in Manila and throughout the country. The churches, unlike the humbler structures of other Christian denominations, always sport a fresh coat of paint.
The Intramuros Administration oversees the historical sites within the walled city of Intramuros. Tourists are welcome to visit the administration's offices and library on the fifth floor of the Palacio del Gobernador (Governor's Palace), but do not let the grand-sounding name mislead you. Though the building stands on the site of the Palacio del Gobernador, it is not a reconstruction of the governor-general's residence which was demolished by an earthquake in 1863. A detailed history of the site is engraved on a marker in front of the building.
The original San Miguel Church was constructed in 1630s as an act of gratitude by a Spanish governor-general who had miraculously escaped death on a military campaign. The church also ministered to Japanese Christians fleeing persecution under the Tokugawa Shogunate, and since many of these exiles belonged to the samurai, or warrior, class, the church was dedicated to Saint Michael, the dragon-slayer. The present church, notable for the beautiful symmetry of its twin bell towers, follows the mold of European Baroque architecture. Because of its proximity, the church is often associated with Malacanang Palace.
The U.S. maintains memorial cemeteries in various countries around the world. This sprawling 61.5-hectare plateau, where the remains of more than 17,000 American soldiers killed in the Philippines and New Guinea during World War II have been laid to rest, is the biggest of these cemeteries. The grand mix of white marble crosses radiating from a central chapel, freshly tended lawns, luxuriant greenery and towering trees creates a place of peace and tranquility. The south southeast side of the plateau yields a magnificent view of the countryside surrounding Metro Manila.
This monastery is where nuns of the Order of Saint Clare of Assisi (usually called Poor Clares) lead a life of prayer and contemplation, having renounced the world and earthly possessions. The church is a lovely cream-colored building that is very much in the mold of Spanish-built mission churches in California, U.S.A. Carrying on an old tradition, people often come here with offerings (usually eggs) and ask the saintly nuns to pray for good weather.
Every Filipino Catholic knows the image of the Virgin Mary enshrined in this church of the Redemptorist Order. Known as Our Lady of Perpetual Help, the Byzantine-like icon is the object of profound devotion every Wednesday, drawing thousands of supplicants from all walks of life. Stalls around the church do a thriving trade selling candles, rosaries, novenas and replicas of the icon, as well as food for the hungry. The teeming crowds snarl traffic for miles around; a nightmare that ordinary motorists would be well advised to avoid.